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What is COPD? COPD stands for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. There are two types of disease processes namely chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Very often, people with COPD have a combination of characteristics of both the disease process. In simple terms, means a disease COPD characteristics the continuing loss of lung airways. To be precise, bronchitis means inflammation of the bronchi and more air routes in lungs as emphysema means the destruction of small airways and alveoli of the lungs or airsacs. Thus, COPD is commonly used to describe chronic bronchitis, emphysema or both.

COPD is a common disease? It is one of the most common conditions requiring hospitalization during outbreaks. A study of epidemiology in the United States, approximately eight million people suffer from chronic bronchitis while than 2 million have emphysema. As we can see, chronic bronchitis, emphysema is more common.

What causes COPD? Smoking. Smoking is the No. 1 cause of COPD. More than 90 percent of COPD are caused by smoking or otherwise. About 30 percent of long-term smokers may present symptoms of COPD of varying degrees. Other causes include air pollution and inherited enzyme deficiency is the deficiency of alpha-1 antitrypsin.

Smoking causes COPD? Unwittingly, the harms of smoking on the respiratory mucosa. As with any other body part in response to injury, inflammation occurs. Stimulates the lining of inflammation secrete mucus damaged an abnormal rate and also causes constriction respiratory (narrow).

What are the symptoms of COPD? The two main symptoms are cough and dyspnea. COPD patients complain shortness of breath and a cough that develop gradually over a long period of time. The cough is usually productive COPD which usually means coughing up phlegm. The cough usually comes and goes at first, but tend to be persistent, as time passes. Breathlessness is usually intermittent and occurs only in the effort at first, but if they continue smoking, lack of breath persists even at rest, it can be very painful! Other symptoms are chronic sputum production, coughing phlegm constantly all day and recurring respiratory infections. People with COPD are more prone to chest infection, for obvious reasons, such as the lung loses its mechanism defense against intrusion errors.

COPD sounds like asthma, are they different? Yes, both COPD and asthma cause similar symptoms, however, are different in some respects. COPD causes permanent damage to the airways. The obstruction is "fixed" so it is irreversible, in general terms. However, the narrowing of airways in asthma is intermittent and can be easily reversed with medicines. However, COPD and asthma is common, people with COPD may have a component of asthma, and vice versa.

What tests are needed to diagnose COPD? A test called spirometry often performed to diagnose COPD. Bronchodilators (drugs that dilate the airways) are usually added to confirm the diagnosis. If the result of the evidence did show improvement with bronchodilators, and COPD is likely.

What are the treatment of COPD? In the first place. Stop smoking. This can not be stressed enough. Stop smoking is the first thing to do if you want to improve. As the underlying mechanism of COPD is irreversible, medications are used with the objective stop the progression. The drugs commonly used to treat COPD are inhaled short-acting bronchodilator (eg salbutamol) long -agonist bronchodilator (tiotropium IE), and tablets of inhaled steroids are drugs available to treat COPD. A Once In addition, no treatment is more important than stopping smoking. Lung transplantation is the last option and should be reserved people with severe COPD.

Michael Russell Your Independent guide to Medicine

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